The aim of the project was to collect information and process resources for analysis, on the basis of which it was possible to make strategic decisions and plans in the context of introducing low-emission rail transport with a focus on so-called BEMU vehicles (combined trolley and battery power supply). Approximately 15 railway lines were analyzed, and on each of them, the suitability of the potential deployment of BEMU or EMU vehicles was compared with the current situation, i.e., the operation of DMU vehicles. The implemented analyses took into account all key impacts, primarily economic (financial accessibility, economic efficiency), environmental (energy and emission intensity and other negative impacts on the environment throughout the entire life cycle), energy (impact on the traction and power supply system), infrastructure (dimensioning of the TNS, definition of sections for the construction of traction lines), and transport (track capacity, travel times), which contributed to the effective implementation of low-emission vehicles on the Czech railway network.
From the above, it is clear that the project's objectives aimed at supporting a competitive railway transport system in the Czech Republic, particularly in terms of introducing possible applications of dual-mode battery-trolley vehicles in synergy with the railway power supply system and dependent electric traction. The practical application of the results enables the fulfillment of the commitments set out in the strategic documents of the EU and the Czech Republic in the areas of transport, energy, and the environment. At the same time, this reduces the negative impact of transport on the environment and accelerates technological development in the Czech Republic to meet the social need for environmentally friendly transport.
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The specialized map shows the differences between the current and potential state of low-emission technologies implementation on individual lines in the Czech Republic. Together with the infrastructure and vehicle traction and energy outputs obtained through the software-type result, the map further focuses on emissions (LCA, WTW and TTW), travel times and passenger numbers. The interactivity of this map allows for an appropriate presentation of the energy, environmental and transport results of the project.
The CBA output, which allows for an appropriate assessment of the societal impact of the implementation of new technologies, was prepared in accordance with the Departmental Methodology for Assessing the Economic Efficiency of Transport Construction Projects and its available updates. CBA is the key to a comprehensive understanding of the implementation of low-emission technologies in the context of transport, shipping, environmental and societal impacts.
LCA analysis was used to compare the environmental impacts of combustion, electric, and dual-mode battery-trolley vehicles throughout their entire life cycle, meaning during the production, operation, and disposal (recycling) phases. The analysis is processed in impact categories defined by the Environmental Footprint methodology. The impact on the climate was determined taking into account existing projections of specific greenhouse gas emissions from electricity production in the Czech Republic.
The core of the software consists of detailed models of electric and dual-mode battery-trolley vehicles and detailed track parameters. The software enables the simulation of journeys with the quantification of time sequences of traction and energy variables. An add-on module concentrates the results of individual vehicle journeys into a simulation scenario in terms of area and time, calculating energy ratios in the traction network. The software also supports the implementation of 25 kV, 50 Hz converter power supply, including modeling and tuning of converter output characteristics.
This is a special module designed for the experimental analysis of LTO traction battery cells, primarily at the level of circuit model parameterization and quantification of the effects on these parameters (e.g., temperature, depth of discharge, instantaneous power). The module includes a power section with LTO cells (specific for railway applications), battery management, and computational software support for processing measured data. The module is designed for testing in the laboratory or on experimental vehicles.
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This project Means for the implementation of low-emission technologies in rail transport was co-financed with state support from the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic and the Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic within the TRANSPORT 2030 Program. The project was financed within the framework of the National Recovery Plan from the European Recovery and Resilience Instrument.
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